【中英双语】轴承工件热处理分类及硬度检测方

硬度检测方法
         化学热处理是使工件表面渗入一种或几种化学元素的原子，从而改变工件表面的化学成分、组织和性能。经淬火和低温回火后，工件表面具有高的硬度、耐磨性和接触疲劳强度，而工件的芯部又具有高的强韧性。
         化学热处理工件的主要技术参数是硬化层深度和表面硬度。硬化层深度还是要用维氏硬度计来检测。检测从工件表面硬度降到50HRCd即深层至表面的距离，就是有效硬化深度。
         化学热处理工件的表面硬度检测与表面淬火热处理工件的硬度检测结果相近。一般来自轴承本身产生的滚动轴承噪音都可以用维氏硬度计、表面洛氏硬度计或洛氏硬度计来检测，只是当渗氮层的厚度较薄时，通常不大于0.7mm，这时才不用洛氏硬度计检测。
         如果轴承零件的局部硬度要求较高，可用感应加热等方式进行局部淬火热处理，这样的零件通常要在图纸上标出局部淬火热处理的位置和局部硬度值。零件的硬度检测应在指定区域内进行。硬度检测仪器可采用洛氏硬度计，测试HRC硬度值，如热处理硬化层较浅，可采用表面洛氏硬度计测试HRN。 
 

 

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Heat treatment classification and hardness testing for bearing workpieces
 
The heat treatment hardness of the bearing workpiece is tested by a hardness tester. PHR series portable surface Rockwell hardness tester is very suitable for testing the hardness of surface heat treatment of workpieces, and can test various surface heat treatments of workpieces with an effective depth of more than 0.1mm. It is simple operation, convenient use, low price, and the hardness value can be read directly.
 
Surface heat treatment is divided into two categories, one is surface quenching and tempering heat treatment, which uses vibration absorption or vibration isolation devices to reduce or isolate bearing noise, and the other is chemical heat treatment.
 
Method of hardness inspection
Chemical heat treatment is to make the surface of the workpiece infiltrate the atoms of one or several chemical elements, thereby changing the chemical composition, organization and performance of the surface of the workpiece. After quenching and low temperature tempering, the surface of the workpiece has high hardness, wear resistance and contact fatigue strength, and the core of the workpiece has high strength and toughness.
 
The main technical parameters of the chemical heat treatment workpieces are the depth of the hardened layer and the surface hardness. The depth of the hardened layer still needs to be tested by a Vickers hardness tester. The surface hardness of the workpiece down to 50HRCd, the measured distance from deep layer to the surface is effective hardening depth.
 
The surface hardness test value of the chemical heat treatment workpiece is similar to the hardness test result of the surface hardening heat treatment workpiece. Generally, the rolling bearing noise generated from the bearing itself ,which can be tested by a Vickers hardness tester, a surface Rockwell hardness tester or a Rockwell hardness tester, only at the thickness of nitriding layer is thinner, (usually not more than 0.7mm), then Rockwell hardness tester is used for testing.
 
If the local hardness of the bearing parts is required to be high, the local quenching heat treatment can be carried out by induction heating and other methods. Such parts are usually marked on the drawing with the location of the local quenching heat treatment and the local hardness value. The hardness test of the parts should be carried out in the designated area. The hardness testing instrument can use Rockwell hardness tester to test the HRC hardness value. If the heat-treated hardened layer is shallow, the surface Rockwell hardness tester can be used to test the HRN.